Possible health effects of exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1997.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820305106719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Possible Health Effects of Exposure to Residential Electric And Magnetic Fields
- Copyright
- Preface
- OTHER REPORTS OF THE COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE
- CONCLUSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE
- STUDY FINDINGS
- Epidemiology
- Exposure Assessment
- In Vitro Studies on Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields
- In Vivo Studies on Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields
- 1 Introduction
- BACKGROUND
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- AREAS OF CONCERN
- DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS
- Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Biologic Effects
- Health Effects
- Exposure Assessment in Epidemiologic Studies
- Risk Assessment
- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE
- Electric Power Lines
- Electric Appliances
- Transportation Systems
- WHY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IS IMPORTANT
- RELATED REPORTS
- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT
- 2 Exposure and Physical Interactions
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- METHODS OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
- General Problems
- Measurement Methods and Instrumentation
- Field Calculations
- TYPICAL EXPOSURES
- Electric Fields
- Residential and Environmental Magnetic Fields
- Residence
- Background Fields
- Appliances
- Personal Monitoring
- Environmental Fields
- Power Lines (Transmission and Distribution)
- Occupational Magnetic Fields
- Workplace
- Personal Monitoring
- Transportation
- Transients
- EXPOSURES IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Residential
- Wire Codes
- Calculations
- Distance
- Measurements
- Occupational
- EXPOSURES IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
- Animal and Cellular Studies
- In Vivo Studies
- In Vitro Studies
- INDUCED FIELDS AND CURRENTS
- Electric-Field Exposure
- Magnetic-Field Exposure
- 3 Cellular and Molecular Effects
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
- UTILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF IN VITRO STUDIES
- GENOTOXICITY AND CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF POWER-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
- EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF IN VITRO EFFECTS
- Heritable Changes in Cells Exposed In Vitro to Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Transient Changes in Cells Exposed In Vitro to Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Signal Transduction
- Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
- Calcium Changes
- 4 Animal and Tissue Effects
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- CRITERIA FOR CONSIDERATION OF LITERATURE
- USE OF ANIMAL STUDIES IN EVALUATING RISK
- Types of Animal Studies Used in Descriptive Toxicology
- Acute Lethality
- Repeated-Dose Studies
- Subchronic Toxicity Studies
- Chronic Toxicity Studies
- Developmental and Reproductive Studies
- Cocarcinogenicity and Copromotion Studies of Electric and Magnetic Fields
- CARCINOGENIC AND MUTAGENIC EFFECTS
- Complete Carcinogen Studies
- Tumor-Initiation Studies
- Tumor-Promotion Studies
- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS
- Nonmammalian Studies of 50- or 60-Hz Electric Fields
- Fish
- Chicken
- Mammalian Studies of 50- or 60-Hz Electric Fields
- Mice
- Rats
- Swine
- Cattle
- Nonmammalian Studies of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields
- Chicken
- Mammalian Studies of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields
- Mice
- Rats
- Summary of Reproductive and Developmental Effects
- NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS
- Electric Fields
- Magnetic Fields
- Summary of Neurobehavioral Effects
- IN VIVO NEUROCHEMICAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE EFFECTS
- Neurochemical Effects
- Melatonin Effects
- Effects of Electric Fields on Animals
- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Animals
- Effects of Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields on Animals
- Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Humans
- Neuroendocrine Effects
- Consistency and Plausibility of Results
- BONE HEALING AND STIMULATED CELL GROWTH.
- Regulation and Cell Biology of Bone
- Endogenous electromagnetic Properties of Bone
- Clinical Stimulation of Bone Healing with Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Potential Mechanisms of Electric-and Magnetic-Field Effects on Bone
- Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Signal Transduction in Bone
- A Hypothetical Scenario for Electric-and Magnetic-Field Effects on Bone
- DISCUSSION
- 5 Epidemiology
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- INTERPRETATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE
- Potential Sources of Error in Epidemiologic Studies
- Random Error
- Information Bias: Misclassification of Disease or Exposure
- Selection Bias
- Confounding and Effect Modification
- Criteria for Causality in Epidemiologic Studies
- CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY-RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURES
- Summary of Evidence
- Framework for the Interpretation of Evidence Linking Magnetic Fields to Childhood Cancer
- Are Wire Codes Associated with Cancer?
- Assessing the Association Between Residential Magnetic Fields and Childhood Leukemia Using Technique of Meta-Analysis to...
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Selection Bias and Control Selection in Residential Childhood Cancer Studies
- Information Bias in Residential Childhood Cancer Studies
- Conclusions on an Association Between Electric Wiring Near Residences and Childhood Cancer
- Is the Association of Cancer with Electric Wiring Near Residences Accounted for by Factors Other Than Magnetic Fields?
- Wire Codes and Potential Confounders
- Cancer and Potential Confounders
- Evidence of Confounding in Previous Studies
- Conclusions About Confounding
- Is the Association with Cancer Accounted for by Magnetic Fields?
- Review of Exposure-Assessment Methods in Residential Studies
- Evidence Linking Magnetic Fields to Cancer
- Evaluation of Epidemiologic Evidence.
- Quality of Magnetic-Field Indicators and Strength of Association
- Dose-Response Gradients
- Confounding
- Consistency with Secular Trend Data
- CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY-APPLIANCE EXPOSURES
- CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
- REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
- Video-Display Terminals
- Residences
- Electric Appliances
- Workplaces
- Methodologic Issues
- LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR
- Suicide
- Depression
- Headaches
- Neuropsychologic Performance
- Summary
- 6 Risk Assessment
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- Hazard Identification
- Dose-Response Assessment
- Exposure Assessment
- Risk Characterization
- Biologic Mechanism of Action
- Overall Conclusions for Risk Assessment
- Other Possible Human-Health Effects
- 7 Research Needs and Research Agenda
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Wire Codes and Childhood Cancer
- Wire Codes and Confounders
- Confounders and Childhood Cancer
- Wire Codes and Magnetic Fields
- Magnetic Fields and Childhood Cancer
- Improved Studies of Measured Residential Magnetic Fields and Childhood Cancer
- Studies of Magnetic Fields from Sources Other Than Power Lines
- LABORATORY STUDIES
- Engineering Studies
- Instrumentation and Transient Currents
- Biophysical Modeling
- Wire Codes
- Grounding System Currents
- Contemporary Versus Historical Exposures
- Wire Codes Versus Contemporary and Historical Magnetic-Field Measurements
- Biologic Studies
- RESEARCH STRATEGY
- Appendix A Tables
- Appendix B Exposure Assessment in Residential Studies
- WIRE CODES
- Magnetic-Field Measurements
- Wire Codes And Residential Magnetic Fields
- Prediction of Mean Fields and Variance in Fields
- Prediction of Categories of Fields
- Wire Codes And Personal Exposure To Magnetic Fields
- Refinements in Wire Codes
- Historical Versus Contemporary Measurements.
- Variability in the Wire-Code and Magnetic-Field Association
- Alternative Magnetic-Field Indices
- Wire Codes And Transient And Variable Fields
- References
- Glossary
- Biographic Sketches of Committee Members
- Index.
