Veterans at Risk : the health effects of mustard gas and Lewisite

Veterans at Risk the health effects of mustard gas and Lewisite

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Institute of Medicine (U.S.).
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Survey the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite (-)
Otros Autores: Pechura, Constance M. (-), Rall, David P.
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1993.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Mustard gas > Toxicology.
Lewisite (Poison gas) > Toxicology.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820299106719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Veterans at Risk
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • BACKGROUND
  • GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
  • SPECIFIC FINDINGS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 1 Introduction
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Methods of Literature Collection and Survey
  • ONLINE DATABASES
  • OTHER SOURCES
  • SUPPLEMENTAL WORLD WAR II MILITARY REPORTS
  • LITERATURE TRANSLATION, DISSEMINATION, AND ANALYSIS
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 History and Analysis of Mustard Agentand Lewisite Research Programsin the United States
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Sulfur Mustard
  • Lewisite
  • RESEARCH PROGRAMS OF WORLD WAR I AND THE POSTWAR PERIOD
  • TESTING PROGRAMS AND CHEMICAL WARFARE PRODUCTION IN WORLD WAR II
  • Patch or Drop Tests
  • Chamber Tests
  • Field Tests
  • Gas Production, Gas Handling, and Chemical Warfare Production
  • The Bari Harbor Disaster
  • Medical Applications of Chemical Warfare Research
  • RESEARCH, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AFTER WORLD WAR II
  • Postwar Research Programs
  • Continuing Use of Sulfur Mustard and Other Chemical Weapons in International Conflicts
  • U.S. Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program
  • CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER ANALYSIS
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Findings from the Public Hearing Process
  • RESULTS AND FINDINGS
  • Types of Veteran Exposures
  • Health Problems Reported
  • Personal Aspects of Veteran Reports
  • TREATMENT OF HUMAN SUBJECTS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIONS TAKEN
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Chemistry of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite
  • SULFUR MUSTARD
  • Reaction of Sulfur Mustard with Various Nucleophiles
  • Reactions of Biologic Importance
  • LEWISITE
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Relationship of Mustard Agent and Lewisite Exposure to Carcinogenesis
  • ACUTE EFFECTS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
  • Sulfur Mustard
  • Biologic Fate and Mechanisms of Action
  • Nucleic Acid and Protein Conjugation
  • Cytogenetic and Mutagenic Effects
  • Summary
  • Lewisite.
  • Biologic Fate and Mechanism of Action
  • Cytogenetic and Mutagenic Effects
  • Summary
  • EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
  • Animal Studies
  • Early Studies in Mice and Rats
  • Heston's Studies in Mice
  • Later Studies of Mustard Agents and Other Alkylating Agents
  • Summary of Animal Studies
  • Human Studies
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Battlefield Exposure
  • Medical Therapeutic Exposure
  • SUMMARY
  • Gaps in the Literature
  • Conclusions
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Nonmalignant Respiratory Effects of Mustard Agents and Lewisite
  • PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
  • ACUTE EFFECTS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
  • EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
  • Animal Studies
  • Human Studies
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Battlefield Exposure
  • Medical Therapeutic Exposure
  • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS CAUSED BY EXPOSURES TO OTHER RESPIRATORY HAZARDS
  • SUMMARY
  • Gaps
  • Conclusions
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Ocular Effects of Mustard Agents and Lewisite
  • PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE EYE
  • ACUTE EFFECTS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
  • Dose-Related Considerations
  • Clinical Observations
  • Physiology and Histopathology of Injury
  • EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
  • Animal Data and Cellular Bioassay
  • Human Studies
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Battlefield Exposure
  • Chronic Course
  • Medical Therapeutic Exposure
  • SUMMARY
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Limbal Vascular Damage
  • Ocular Epithelial Damage
  • Protection of the Corneal Epithelium with a Contact Lens
  • Sulfur Mustard Compared to Alkali Injury: The Stromal Component
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 9 Dermatological Effects of Mustard Agents and Lewisite
  • ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Eccrine Sweat Glands
  • Apocrine Glands
  • Melanocyte System
  • ACUTE EFFECTS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
  • Sulfur Mustard
  • Clinical and Microscopic Observations
  • Mechanisms of Skin Injury.
  • Lewisite
  • EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS OF MUSTARD AGENTS
  • Animal Studies and Cellular Bioassays
  • Human Studies
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Battlefield Exposure
  • Medical Therapeutic Exposure
  • Experimental Exposure
  • EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEWISITE
  • Animal Studies and Cellular Bioassays
  • Human Studies
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Battlefield Exposure
  • Medical Therapeutic Exposure
  • Experimental Exposure
  • SUMMARY
  • Gaps in the Literature
  • Conclusions
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 Other Physiological Effects of Mustard Agents and Lewisite
  • EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Animal Studies
  • Human Studies
  • Conclusions
  • EFFECTS ON SYSTEMS OTHER THAN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • Gastrointestinal Effects
  • Hematological Effects
  • Neurological Effects
  • Conclusions
  • REPRODUCTIVE RISKS
  • Sulfur Mustards
  • Animal Studies
  • Human Studies
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • Lewisite
  • Introduction
  • Animal Studies
  • Human Studies
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • REFERENCES
  • 11 Relationship of Mustard Agent and Lewisite Exposure to Psychological Dysfunction
  • HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF PTSD
  • CURRENT RESEARCH IN PTSD
  • EVIDENCE FROM STUDIES OF MILITARY PERSONNEL AND VETERANS
  • Chemical and Biological Warfare Environments
  • Studies of PTSD in Veteran Populations
  • EVIDENCE FROM STUDIES OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATIONS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 12 Summary of Findings and Recommendations
  • GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
  • CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF EXPOSURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC DISEASES
  • GAPS IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING MUSTARD AGENTS AND LEWISITE
  • Human Studies
  • Animal Studies
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Bibliography
  • PUBLISHED LITERATURE
  • MILITARY REPORTS UNITED STATES
  • U.S. Army Reports
  • 1923-1946
  • 1947-1992.
  • U.S. Navy Reports
  • Other U.S. Military Reports
  • UNITED KINGDOM
  • Chemical Defence Experimental Station, Porton Down
  • Other British Military Reports
  • AUSTRALIA
  • CANADA
  • Experimental Station, Suffield, Alberta
  • Chemical Warfare Laboratories, Ottawa
  • INDIA
  • OTHER MILITARY REPORTS
  • TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • Office of Scientific Research and Development
  • 1947-1992
  • AVAILABILITY INFORMATION
  • OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT (OSRD) REPORTS:
  • COMMITTEE ON TREATMENT OF GAS CASUALTIES (CTGC) REPORTS:
  • NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS):
  • NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY REPORTS:
  • BRITISH REPORTS:
  • APPENDIXES
  • A Scientific and Background Presentations Made to the Committee
  • January 6, 1992
  • April 15-16, 1992
  • JUNE 11-12, 1992
  • B Excerpt from The Residual Effects of Warfare Gases (1933)
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • C Involvement of the National Academy of Sciences Complex in World War II Research Programs: A Summary
  • REFERENCES
  • D Excerpts from Chamber Tests with Human Subjects I, II, and IX. Naval Research Laboratory Reports Nos. P-2208…
  • E Interim Report and Addendum Han K. Kang, Dr. P.H.
  • Feasibility of Developing a Cohort of Veterans Exposed to Mustard Gas During WWII Testing Programs
  • I. Background
  • II. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Tests
  • A. NRL Lab Log
  • B. Suitland Federal Records Center
  • C. National Personnel Record Center (NPRC), St. Louis, MO
  • D. Bainbridge, MD, Navy Training Center
  • E. Conclusions
  • III. The U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Service Tests
  • A. Special Orders No. 152
  • B. Conclusions
  • IV. Summary
  • ADDENDUM
  • I. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Test Participants
  • II. U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Service Test Participants
  • III. Conclusions
  • F Summary of the Department of the Army Report by James R. Taylor and William Johnson.
  • USE OF VOLUNTEERS IN CHEMICAL AGENT RESEARCH (1975)
  • KEY ELEMENTS OF THE NUREMBERG CODE OF 1947
  • G Public Hearing Announcement
  • PUBLIC HEARING ANNOUNCEMENT
  • COMMITTEE TO SURVEY THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF MUSTARD GAS AND LEWISITE
  • VETERANS WHO APPEARED AT THE PUBLIC HEARING
  • SUMMARY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS REPORTED BY VETERANS
  • H Yale Law School
  • I Risk Assessment Considerations for Sulfur Mustard
  • SULFUR MUSTARD
  • NITROGEN MUSTARD
  • CANCER RISKS FROM SIMILAR COMPOUNDS
  • RAPID SCREENING OF HAZARD (RASH) APPROACH
  • RELEVANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TO HUMAN RISKS
  • HUMAN EXPOSURES
  • REFERENCES
  • J Examination of the Effects of Certain Acute Environmental Exposures on Future Respiratory Health Consequences
  • REVIEW OF AGENTS CAUSING ACUTE AND CHRONIC RESPIRATORY EFFECTS
  • Chlorine
  • Sulfur Dioxide
  • Miscellaneous Irritants
  • Cotton Dust
  • Isocyanates
  • Notes on Selected Inorganic Agents
  • THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION
  • Narrowly Structured
  • Alternative Broadly Structured
  • THE RESPIRATORY END POINTS
  • Simple Chronic Bronchitis
  • Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis and Emphysema
  • Allergic Bronchoconstriction
  • Inflammatory Bronchoconstriction
  • Pharmacologic Bronchoconstriction
  • HOST FACTORS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • Index.

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