Evolution and applications of quantum computing

A holistic approach to the revolutionary world of quantum computing is presented in this book, which reveals valuable insights into this rapidly emerging technology. The book reflects the dependence of quantum computing on the physical phenomenon of superposition, entanglement, teleportation, and in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores:	Mohanty, Sachi Nandan, editor (editor), Aluvalu, Rajanikanth, editor, Mohanty, Sarita, editor
Formato:	Libro electrónico
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc [2023]
Materias:	Quantum computing. Quantum computing > History.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:	https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009811329406719

Tabla de Contenidos:

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to Quantum Computing
1.1 Quantum Computation
1.2 Importance of Quantum Mechanics
1.3 Security Options in Quantum Mechanics
1.4 Quantum States and Qubits
1.5 Quantum Mechanics Interpretation
1.6 Quantum Mechanics Implementation
1.6.1 Photon Polarization Representation
1.7 Quantum Computation
1.7.1 Quantum Gates
1.8 Comparison of Quantum and Classical Computation
1.9 Quantum Cryptography
1.10 QKD
1.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Quantum Computing and Significance of Innovation
2.1 Quantum Reckoning Mechanism
2.2 Significance of Quantum Computing
2.3 Security Opportunities in Quantum Computing
2.4 Quantum States of Qubit
2.5 Quantum Computing Analysis
2.6 Quantum Computing Development Mechanism
2.7 Representation of Photon Polarization
2.8 Theory of Quantum Computing
2.9 Quantum Logical Gates
2.9.1 I-Qubit GATE
2.9.2 Hadamard-GATE
2.9.3 NOT_GATE_QUANTUM or Pauli_X-GATE
2.9.3.1 Pauli_Y-GATE
2.9.3.2 Pauli_Z-GATE
2.9.3.3 Pauli_S-Gate
2.9.4 Two-Qubit GATE
2.9.5 Controlled NOT(C-NOT)
2.9.6 The Two-Qubits are Swapped Using SWAP_GATE
2.9.7 C-Z-GATE (Controlled Z-GATE)
2.9.8 C-P-GATE (Controlled-Phase-GATE)
2.9.9 Three-Qubit Quantum GATE
2.9.9.1 GATE: Toffoli Gate
2.9.10 F-C-S GATE (Fredkin Controlled Swap-GATE)
2.10 Quantum Computation and Classical Computation Comparison
2.11 Quantum Cryptography
2.12 Quantum Key Distribution - QKD
2.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Analysis of Design Quantum Multiplexer Using CSWAP and Controlled-R Gates
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mathematical Background of Quantum Circuits
3.2.1 Hadamard Gate
3.2.2 CSWAP Gates
3.2.3 Controlled-R Gates.
3.3 Methodology of Designing Quantum Multiplexer (QMUX)
3.3.1 QMUX Using CSWAP Gates
3.3.1.1 Generalization
3.3.2 QMUX Using Controlled-R Gates
3.4 Analysis and Synthesis of Proposed Methodology
3.5 Complexity and Cost of Quantum Circuits
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms in Quantum Computing Domain
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Quantum Computing Convolutional Neural Network
4.2 Literature Survey
4.3 Quantum Algorithms Characteristics Used in Machine Learning Problems
4.3.1 Minimizing Quantum Algorithm
4.3.2 K-NN Algorithm
4.3.3 K-Means Algorithm
4.4 Tree Tensor Networking
4.5 TNN Implementation on IBM Quantum Processor
4.6 Neurotomography
4.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Chapter 5 Building a Virtual Reality-Based Framework for the Education of Autistic Kids
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Literature Review
5.3 Proposed Work
5.3.1 Methodology
5.3.2 Work Flow of Neural Style Transfer
5.3.3 A-Frame
5.3.3.1 Setting Up the Virtual World and Adding Components
5.3.3.2 Adding Interactivity Through Raycasting
5.3.3.3 Animating the Components
5.3.4 Neural Style Transfer
5.3.4.1 Choosing the Content and Styling Image
5.3.4.2 Image Preprocessing and Generation of a Random Image
5.3.4.3 Model Design and Extraction of Content and Style
5.3.4.4 Loss Calculation
5.3.4.5 Model Optimization
5.4 Evaluation Metrics
5.5 Results
5.5.1 A-Frame
5.5.2 Neural Style Transfer
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Detection of Phishing URLs Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models Implementing a URL Feature Extractor
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Work
6.3 Proposed Model
6.3.1 URL Feature Extractor
6.3.2 Dataset
6.3.3 Methodologies
6.3.3.1 AdaBoost Classifier.
6.3.3.2 Gradient Boosting Classifier
6.3.3.3 K-Nearest Neighbors
6.3.3.4 Logistic Regression
6.3.3.5 Artificial Neural Networks
6.3.3.6 Support Vector Machines (SVM)
6.3.3.7 Naïve Bayes Classifier
6.4 Results
6.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Detection of Malicious Emails and URLs Using Text Mining
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Related Works
7.3 Dataset Description
7.4 Proposed Architecture
7.5 Methodology
7.5.1 Methodology for the URL Dataset
7.5.2 Methodology for the Email Dataset
7.5.2.1 Overcoming the Overfitting Problem
7.5.2.2 Tokenization
7.5.2.3 Applying Machine Learning Algorithms
7.5.3 Detecting Presence of Malicious URLs in Otherwise Non-Malicious Emails
7.5.3.1 Preparation of Dataset
7.5.3.2 Creation of Features
7.5.3.3 Applying Machine Learning Algorithms
7.6 Results
7.6.1 URL Dataset
7.6.2 Email Dataset
7.6.3 Final Dataset
7.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Quantum Data Traffic Analysis for Intrusion Detection System
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Overview
8.3 Methodology
8.3.1 Autoviz
8.3.2 Dataset
8.3.3 Proposed Models
8.3.3.1 Decision Tree
8.3.3.2 Random Forest Classifier Algorithm
8.3.3.3 AdaBoost Classifier
8.3.3.4 Ridge Classifier
8.3.3.5 Logistic Regression
8.3.3.6 SVM-Linear Kernel
8.3.3.7 Naive Bayes
8.3.3.8 Quadratic Discriminant Analysis
8.4 Results
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Quantum Computing in Netnomy: A Networking Paradigm in e-Pharmaceutical Setting
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Discussion
9.2.1 Exploring Market Functioning via Quantum Network Economy
9.2.1.1 Internal Networking Marketing
9.2.1.2 Layered Marketing
9.2.1.3 Role of Marketing in Pharma Network Organizations
9.2.1.4 Role of Marketing in Vertical Networking Organizations.
9.2.1.5 Generic e-Commerce Entity Model in Pharmaceutical Industry
9.2.2 Analyzing the Usability of Quantum Netnomics in Attending Economic Development
9.2.2.1 Theory of 4Ps in Pharma Marketing Mix
9.2.2.2 Buying Behavior of the e-Consumers
9.2.2.3 Maintaining of Privacy and Security via Quantum Technology in e-Structure
9.2.2.4 Interface Influencing Sales
9.3 Results
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Machine Learning Approach in the Indian Service Industry: A Case Study on Indian Banks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Survey
10.3 Experimental Results
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Accelerating Drug Discovery with Quantum Computing
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Working Nature of Quantum Computers
11.3 Use Cases of Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery
11.4 Target Drug Identification and Validation
11.5 Drug Discovery Using Quantum Computers is Expected to Start by 2030
11.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Problems and Demanding Situations in Traditional Cryptography: An Insistence for Quantum Computing to Secure Private Information
12.1 Introduction to Cryptography
12.1.1 Confidentiality
12.1.2 Authentication
12.1.3 Integrity
12.1.4 Non-Repudiation
12.2 Different Types of Cryptography
12.2.1 One-Way Processing
12.2.1.1 Hash Function (One-Way Processing)
12.2.2 Two-Way Processing
12.2.2.1 Symmetric Cryptography
12.2.2.2 Asymmetric Cryptography
12.2.3 Algorithms Types
12.2.3.1 Stream Cipher
12.2.3.2 Block Cipher
12.2.4 Modes of Algorithm
12.2.4.1 Cipher Feedback Mode
12.2.4.2 Output Feedback Mode
12.2.4.3 Cipher Block Chaining Mode
12.2.4.4 Electronic Code Book
12.3 Common Attacks
12.3.1 Passive Attacks
12.3.1.1 Traffic Analysis
12.3.1.2 Eavesdropping
12.3.1.3 Foot Printing
12.3.1.4 War Driving.
12.3.1.5 Spying
12.3.2 Active Attacks
12.3.2.1 Denial of Service
12.3.2.2 Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)
12.3.2.3 Message Modification
12.3.2.4 Masquerade
12.3.2.5 Trojans
12.3.2.6 Replay Attacks
12.3.3 Programming Weapons for the Attackers
12.3.3.1 Dormant Phase
12.3.3.2 Propagation Phase
12.3.3.3 Triggering Phase
12.3.3.4 Execution Phase
12.4 Recent Cyber Attacks
12.5 Drawbacks of Traditional Cryptography
12.5.1 Cost and Time Delay
12.5.2 Disclosure of Mathematical Computation
12.5.3 Unsalted Hashing
12.5.4 Attacks
12.6 Need of Quantum Cryptography
12.6.1 Quantum Mechanics
12.7 Evolution of Quantum Cryptography
12.8 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 13 Identification of Bacterial Diseases in Plants Using Re-Trained Transfer Learning in Quantum Computing Environment
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Literature Review
13.3 Proposed Methodology
13.3.1 SVM Classifier
13.3.2 Random Forest to Classify the Rice Leaf
13.3.2.1 Image Pre-Processing
13.3.2.2 Feature Extraction
13.3.2.3 Classification
13.4 Experiment Results
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Quantum Cryptography
14.1 Fundamentals of Cryptography
14.2 Principle of Quantum Cryptography
14.2.1 Quantum vs. Conventional Cryptography
14.3 Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
14.3.1 Overview and BB84 Protocol
14.3.2 The B92 Protocol
14.3.3 E91 Protocol
14.3.4 SARG04 Protocol
14.4 Impact of the Sifting and Distillation Steps on the Key Size
14.5 Cryptanalysis
14.6 Quantum Key Distribution in the Real World
References
Chapter 15 Security Issues in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Quantum Computing
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Overview of VANET Security
15.2.1 Security of VANET
15.2.2 Attacks are Classified.
15.3 Architectural and Systematic Security Methods.

Evolution and applications of quantum computing

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