Earth's orbits at risk

Earth's orbits at risk

This publication takes stock of the growing socio-economic dependence of our modern societies on space assets, and the general threats to space-based infrastructure from debris in particular. Notably, it provides fresh insights into the value of space-based infrastructure and the potential costs gen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Organization for Economic Cooperation (author)
Autor Corporativo: Organization for Economic Cooperation, author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Paris, France : OECD Publishing [2022]
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Astronomy.
Solar system.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704824506719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations and acronyms
  • Executive summary
  • Accumulating space debris puts the sustainability of space activities at risk
  • New approaches to quantifying the costs of space debris and the value of space infrastructure
  • New economic evidence on different policy options in space debris management
  • Policy implications and next steps
  • 1 Space sustainability and the OECD
  • What is "space sustainability"?
  • Why study space sustainability at the OECD?
  • The OECD project on the economics of space sustainability
  • The economics of space debris: Setting a research agenda
  • New contributions to understanding the value and sustainability of space-based infrastructure
  • The project's preliminary results
  • Next steps of the project
  • Earth's Orbits at Risk: The Economics of Space Sustainability
  • Identifying the potential costs of space debris related to the socio-economic value derived from selected segments of the space-based infrastructure:
  • Providing options for debris mitigation and remediation and ways to support potential future markets to address the problem:
  • References
  • 2 Space sustainability as the next major societal challenge
  • Growing socio-economic dependence on space assets
  • Growing risks to space-based infrastructure
  • Space weather events
  • Mounting pressure on the radio frequency spectrum and increased risk of interference
  • Catastrophic accidents on orbit
  • The increasing risk of collisions in space and why it matters
  • The costs of space debris
  • Identifying current costs for different types of users
  • Longer term costs
  • Addressing the problem
  • Efforts to mitigate and remediate space debris
  • Avoiding collisions
  • Remediating debris
  • Creating incentives for operators
  • References.
  • 3 An environmental economics framework for measuring the cost of space debris
  • Introduction
  • Modelling the cost of impact events
  • A model from a global perspective
  • Applying the model to the national level
  • Discussion on the OECD's impact categories
  • Estimating the costs
  • The value of satellites (, .)
  • The value of property and resources (, .)
  • The value of statistical life (, .)
  • Discussion and conclusions
  • References
  • Notes
  • 4 Identifying the costs caused by an irreversible deterioration of the orbital regimes
  • Introduction
  • Direct and indirect costs
  • Cost dynamics
  • Temporal evolution
  • Value of space-enabled economic activity
  • Space-enabled economic activity
  • Dependency model
  • Financial model
  • Economic value at risk
  • Collision probability calculations
  • Interpretation of results
  • Discussion and conclusions
  • Limitations and future developments
  • References
  • 5 Socio-economic benefits of earth observation: Insights from firms in Italy
  • Introduction
  • The downstream sector and the socio-economic benefits of earth observation
  • An overview of the earth observation downstream sector
  • The socio-economic benefits stemming from earth observation data
  • Method
  • Main results
  • Firms' characteristics, use of earth observation data and services offered in Italy
  • The socio-economic benefits of EO from the point of view of firms
  • The main obstacles to the diffusion of earth observation products and services according to firms
  • Conclusions and policy recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • 6 Economic theory applied to space debris scenarios
  • Introduction
  • The space debris issue
  • Orbits ecosystems as Earth natural ecosystems: Common-pool resources issues
  • Methodology
  • SDM 5.0 Evolutionary Model
  • Description of the scenarios
  • Space debris mitigation results.
  • The attractiveness model analysis
  • The decision analysis model
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Note
  • Annex 6.A. Risk assessment of post-mission disposal and active debris removal approaches
  • Post-mission disposal
  • Active debris removal
  • 7 On the emergence of an active debris removal market
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Definition of on-orbit servicing and active debris removal
  • Results
  • Projects initiated by public actors
  • Projects initiated by private actors
  • Projects involving public and private actors
  • Discussion
  • Hypothesis 1: Active debris removal as a segment of on-orbit servicing
  • Hypothesis 2: The specific dynamics of active debris removal projects
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Note
  • 8 Estimation of the costs and benefits of debris mitigation
  • Introduction
  • Contents
  • Model set-up
  • Single provider of satellite services
  • Competing providers of satellite services
  • A competitive market for satellite services
  • Inefficiency and mitigation measures
  • Value of space activity
  • Economic impact of space activities
  • Calibration of the model
  • Data and empirical results
  • Estimating the probability of collision
  • Mitigation measures
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 9 An efficiency analysis of space launch activities
  • Introduction
  • Methods and data
  • Methodological framework
  • Data
  • Results
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Notes.

Ejemplares similares