OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Policies through a Gender Lens

OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Policies through a Gender Lens

This publication examines how to strengthen the scope and effectiveness of entrepreneurship policies for women. It examines both dedicated measures for women and ensuring that mainstream policies for all entrepreneurs are appropriate for women. Evidence is offered on the gender gap in entrepreneursh...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: OECD (-)
Autor Corporativo: OECD, author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Paris : OECD Publishing 2021.
Materias:
Businesswomen.
Entrepreneurship.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704617306719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Reader's guide
  • What will I learn from this report?
  • How can I read this report?
  • How was this report developed?
  • Executive summary
  • There are persistent gender gaps in entrepreneurship
  • Women are less likely to be entrepreneurs than men…
  • …and tend to operate smaller and less dynamic businesses
  • These gender gaps are caused by many inter-related factors…
  • …and the COVID-19 pandemic risks undoing progress made in closing the gender gap
  • Governments are using a wide range of instruments to encourage and support women's entrepreneurship but work remains
  • Overarching policy frameworks for women's entrepreneurship need to be introduced
  • Women's entrepreneurship policy interventions must reflect context
  • More evaluation evidence is needed as a foundation for scaling policy initiatives
  • Part I State of women's entrepreneurship
  • 1 Key findings and recommendations
  • The gender gap in entrepreneurship has reduced over the past 20 years
  • COVID-19 risks reversing gains in women's entrepreneurship
  • Traditional gender roles exert negative influences on women's entrepreneurship
  • Women's entrepreneurship policies are well-established in many countries
  • Women's entrepreneurship policy frameworks are needed to underpin individual policy actions
  • Women's entrepreneurship interventions must be contextualised
  • More effective implementation of policies is needed to achieve policy objectives
  • Greater efforts are needed to address gender gaps in entrepreneurship skills
  • Greater use of dedicated measures is needed to address gender gaps in access to financing
  • References
  • 2 The state of women's entrepreneurship
  • The gender gap has been closing among solo entrepreneurs…
  • …but the gender gap was growing among self-employed with employees.
  • COVID-19 is exacerbating gender gaps in entrepreneurship
  • Women often have different motivations and intentions in entrepreneurship than men
  • Women entrepreneurs face a range of subtle barriers to start-up
  • Unsupportive culture
  • Lack of entrepreneurial skills
  • Women entrepreneurs struggle to access finance
  • Women tend to have smaller and less effective entrepreneurial networks
  • Family and tax policies can discourage women's labour market participation, including entrepreneurship
  • Policy can play an important role in supporting women's entrepreneurship
  • References
  • Part II International policy insight notes
  • 3 Fostering a gender-sensitive entrepreneurship culture
  • Creating a positive image of women entrepreneurs
  • The role of public policy
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Australia
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Building a pipeline of women entrepreneurs
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Germany
  • Background
  • Policy issue: How to change traditional gender role models
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • India
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Women entrepreneurs' personal safety
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Iran
  • Background
  • Policy issue: The institutional environment
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Turkey
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Culture, human capital and education
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • United Kingdom
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Addressing under-representation of women in innovation
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • 4 Strengthening the design and delivery of women's entrepreneurship support
  • Balancing mainstream and dedicated support
  • Defining objectives and targets
  • Increasing programme outreach and accessibility.
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Canada
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Operationalising the Women Entrepreneurship Strategy
  • Definitional criteria
  • Federal contracting as a mechanism to support women-owned businesses
  • Include demonstrated engagement of women-owned business in funding assessments
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Czech Republic
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Developing a women's entrepreneurship policy
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • New Zealand
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Is there a need for a gendered entrepreneurship policy?
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
  • Background
  • Policy issue: The absence of a dedicated women's entrepreneurship policy
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Sweden
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Privatisation of public welfare delivery has not helped women entrepreneurs
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • 5 Building entrepreneurship skills for women
  • The need for gender-based entrepreneurship education and training
  • The role of public policy
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Denmark
  • Background
  • Policy issues: Education, self-employment, dual roles and political priorities
  • Education
  • Self-employment
  • Dual entrepreneur and caregiver roles
  • Political priorities
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Poland
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Skills development, mentoring and networking
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Tanzania
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Entrepreneurship training and developing entrepreneurial mindsets
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • 6 Facilitating women entrepreneurs' access to financial capital.
  • There are barriers to finance on both the supply- and demand-side
  • The role of public policy
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Ethiopia
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Microfinance is restrictive
  • greater access to financial services is needed
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Ireland
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Women entrepreneurs continue to struggle accessing start-up finance
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Italy
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Financing women-owned firms
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Mexico
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Financial literacy and financial exclusion
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Norway
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Access to finance
  • Measures to promote better access to financial capital for women 2015
  • Status for access to financial capital for women 2019
  • Conclusion and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • South Africa
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Access to finance
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Spain
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Access to finance
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • United States
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Access to financial capital
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • 7 Supporting networks for women entrepreneurs
  • The importance of entrepreneurship networks and supportive ecosystems
  • The role of public policy
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Palestinian Authority
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Entrepreneurship networks and mentoring
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Scotland, United Kingdom
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Creating a gender-focused business support eco-system
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes.
  • 8 Building a supportive regulatory environment for women entrepreneurs
  • Supporting women's entrepreneurship through the regulatory environment
  • The role of public policy
  • Lessons from the policy cases
  • References
  • Kenya
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Access to social protection
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Pakistan
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Weak regulatory institutions
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Sri Lanka
  • Background
  • Policy issue: Regulatory environment and access to entrepreneurship support
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • References
  • Note
  • Annex A. About Global WEP.

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