Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, septembre 2022 Payer le prix de la guerre
Le monde paie au prix fort la guerre d'agression menée par la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Le coût humain, déjà élevé, ne cesse de s'alourdir, et les perspectives économiques mondiales se sont encore assombries.Les Perspectives économiques intermédiaires sont principalement consa...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
[Place of publication not identified] :
OECD Publishing
2022.
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| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704566306719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Preface
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Table of contents
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Civil aviation
- Ports
- 1 Overview
- 1.1. Background to Brazil's Competition Assessment Project
- 1.2. The benefits of competition and lifting barriers
- 1.3. Summary of key findings
- 1.3.1. Overview of the sectors
- 1.3.2. Civil aviation
- Airport management
- Technical-experience requirements
- Restrictions on horizontal integration
- Airport-concession contracts
- Airport revenue
- Revenues from commercial services
- Ground-handling services
- Access to jet-fuel supply infrastructure at the airport
- Civil-aviation personnel
- Nationality requirement
- Flight- and duty-time limitations
- 1.3.3. Ports
- Centralisation of the leasing process and absence of flexibility in leasing contracts
- Duration of the authorisation process to build and operate port facilities
- Pilotage and the rotation shift
- Pool of port workers
- Segregation and delivery-service fee: lack of legal certainty
- References
- Notes
- 2 Civil-aviation sector
- 2.1. Overview of the civil aviation sector
- 2.1.1. Economic overview
- 2.1.2. Sectoral growth
- Demand, supply and capacity
- 2.1.3. Market structure
- 2.1.4. Institutional overview
- 2.1.5. Overview of the legislation
- 2.2. Airport management
- 2.2.1. Background: Airport ownership and operating models
- The international perspective
- The Brazilian airport-ownership and operating model
- 2.2.2. Airport concession auctions
- Technical-experience requirements
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Ownership restrictions
- Restrictions on vertical integration
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Restrictions on horizontal integration. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.2.3. Airport concession contracts
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.3. Airport revenue
- 2.3.1. Aeronautical revenue
- Background
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.3.2. Non-aeronautical revenues
- Background
- Revenues from commercial services
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Revenues from operational services
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.4. Ground-handling services
- 2.4.1. Provision of ground-handling services by airlines
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.4.2. Provision of ground-handling services by third parties
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.4.3. Aviation-fuel supply
- Background
- Access to jet-fuel supply infrastructure at the airport
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.5. Slot allocation
- 2.5.1. Slot allocation in Brazil
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Economic literature and international experience
- The Brazilian market
- 2.6. Civil-aviation personnel
- 2.6.1. Licensed civil-aviation personnel in Brazil
- Background
- Civil-aviation instruction centres
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Theoretical courses
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.6.2. Nationality requirement
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.6.3. Outsourcing aircrew. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 2.6.4. Flight- and duty-time limitations
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Annex 2.A. Slot auctions and slot trading
- Annex 2.A. Slot auctions and slot trading
- Airport slot auctioning
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- International experience
- Airport slot trading
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- International experience
- Annex 2.B. Quantification of the impact on airfare of facilitating entry into jet-fuel distribution markets
- References
- Notes
- 3 Ports sector
- 3.1. Overview and definition of the ports sector
- 3.1.1. Economic overview
- Growth of the sector
- Market structure
- Recent trends
- 3.1.2. Institutional overview
- 3.1.3. Overview of the legislation
- 3.2. Provision of port services
- 3.2.1. Background
- 3.2.2. Duration of the process for reviewing tariffs in public ports
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.2.3. Instruments to grant private port zones and facilities
- Regulatory framework
- Leasing
- Centralisation of the bidding process
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Duration of leasing contracts
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Absence of flexibility in leasing contracts
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Change in cargo type
- Authorisation for new investments
- Harm to competition
- 3.2.4. Authorisations to build and operate port facilities
- Regulatory framework
- Duration of the process to obtain the declaration of adequacy
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Duration of the authorisation process. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Requirement to have headquarters and administration in Brazil
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.2.5. Pilotage
- 3.2.6. Regulatory framework
- 3.2.7. Access to the piloting profession
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.2.8. Price-setting alternatives for pilotage services
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.2.9. Pilot exemption certificates
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.3. Pool of port workers
- 3.3.1. Background
- 3.3.2. Monopoly of port-worker registration
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.3.3. The monopoly in establishing worker teams
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.3.4. Exclusivity in the management of port-worker training
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 3.4. Segregation and Delivery Service Fee
- 3.4.1. Lack of legal certainty
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- Cost comparisons
- Annex 3.A. Quantification on pilotage
- Annex 3.B. Quantification on pool of workers
- References
- Notes
- 4 Horizontal findings on the civil aviation and ports sectors
- 4.1. Regulatory simplification
- 4.1.1. Description of the obstacle
- 4.1.2. Harm to competition
- 4.1.3. International comparison
- 4.2. Authorisation for foreign companies to operate in Brazil
- 4.2.1. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- 4.2.2. Harm to competition
- 4.3. Bids and public contracts
- 4.3.1. Economic and financial burdens. Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 4.3.2. Prequalification
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- 4.3.3. Necessity of certified translations and consulate-authenticated documents for companies not operating in Brazil
- Description of the obstacle and policy makers' objective
- Harm to competition
- References
- Notes
- Annex A. Methodology.
