Plant hazard analysis and safety instrumentation systems

Plant hazard analysis and safety instrumentation systems

Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems is the first book to combine coverage of these two integral aspects of running a chemical processing plant. It helps engineers from various disciplines learn how various analysis techniques, international standards, and instrumentation and con...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Basu, Swapan, author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Academic Press 2017.
Edición:1st edition
Materias:
Power-plants > Safety measures.
Power-plants > Instruments.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009630143406719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems
  • Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • I - Basics of Hazard, Risk Ranking, and Safety Systems
  • 1.0 INTRODUCTION
  • 2.0 HAZARD AND RISK
  • 2.1 Discussions on Hazard and Risk
  • 2.2 Hazard Definition and Discussions
  • 2.2.1 General Definition
  • 2.2.2 HSE UK Definition
  • 2.2.3 CCPS Definition
  • 2.2.4 ISO/IEC Definition
  • 2.2.5 Major Issues and Coverage of Hazard Identification
  • 2.2.6 Definition of Commonly Used Terms
  • 2.2.7 Hazard Types
  • 2.2.8 CCOHS Guidelines
  • 2.2.9 Hazard Study Issues
  • 2.2.10 Industrial Hazards
  • 2.2.11 Networking Security
  • 2.3 Hazard Analysis Approach
  • 2.4 Risk Definition
  • 2.4.1 HSE UK Definition
  • 2.4.2 EPA Definition of Risk
  • 2.4.3 ISO Definition of Risk
  • 2.4.4 IEC Definition of Risk
  • 2.4.5 General Risk Concept
  • 2.5 Risk Discussions
  • 2.5.1 Risk Frequency
  • 2.5.2 Severity
  • 2.5.3 Risk Level (Based on Action and Time)
  • 2.5.4 Control Measure
  • 2.5.5 Risk Target
  • 2.5.6 Risk Analysis
  • 2.5.7 Risk Assessment
  • 2.5.8 Risk Assessment Procedure
  • 2.5.9 Risk Management
  • 3.0 RISK REGISTER, RISK MATRIX AND RISK RANKING
  • 3.1 Preamble and a Few Term Definitions
  • 3.1.1 Risk Appetite
  • 3.1.2 Key Risk Indicator
  • 3.2 Risk Register
  • 3.2.1 Characteristics of Risk Register
  • 3.2.2 Description of Risk Register
  • 3.3 Risk Matrix
  • 3.3.1 Features of Risk Matrix
  • 3.3.2 Risk Matrix Description
  • 3.3.3 Risk Level
  • 3.4 Risk Ranking
  • 3.4.1 Challenges for Risk Ranking
  • 3.4.2 Risk Ranking Features
  • 3.4.3 Risk Categorization or Cataloging
  • 3.4.4 Risk Ranking Methods
  • 4.0 CONSEQUENCE, PHA AND ALARP
  • 4.1 Consequence
  • 4.1.1 Vulnerability
  • 4.1.2 Speed of Onset
  • 4.2 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PrHA).
  • 4.2.1 PHA Procedure Outline
  • 4.3 ALARP Principles
  • 4.3.1 ALARP Point
  • 4.3.2 ALARP Discussions
  • 4.3.3 ALARP Process
  • 4.3.4 ALARP Demonstration
  • 4.3.5 ALARP Assessment
  • 4.3.6 Good Practices
  • 4.3.7 Cost Benefit Analysis and Gross Disproportionate
  • 4.3.8 ALARP Pros and Cons
  • 5.0 BASICS OF MATHEMATICS
  • 5.1 Logic Gates
  • 5.1.1 OR Gate
  • 5.1.2 AND Gate
  • 5.1.3 NOT Gate
  • 5.1.4 Logic Gate Discussions
  • 5.1.5 Binary Decision Diagram
  • 5.2 Set Theory
  • 5.2.1 Important Laws of Algebraic Sets
  • 5.2.2 Relation and Mapping
  • 5.3 Probability
  • 5.3.1 Probability Definition
  • 5.3.2 Algebraic Operation of Probability
  • 5.3.3 Probability Mass Function
  • 5.3.4 Cumulative Distribution Function
  • 5.3.5 Probability Density Function
  • 6.0 FAULT TOLERANCE AND PLANT AGEING
  • 6.1 Fault Tolerance
  • 6.1.1 Fault and Fault Tolerance
  • 6.1.2 Redundancy and Replica
  • 6.2 Plant Ageing
  • 6.2.1 Contributing Factors
  • 6.2.2 Aging Management
  • 6.2.3 Various Plant Ageing Componts
  • 6.2.4 Plant Ageing Indicator
  • 6.2.5 Factors
  • 6.2.6 Operator Action
  • 6.2.7 Inspection Teamwork
  • 6.2.8 Plant Ageing Control Discussions
  • 6.2.9 Progressive Ageing
  • 7.0 SAFETY INSTRUMENTATION
  • 7.1 Commonly Used Terms
  • 7.1.1 BPCS
  • 7.1.2 SIS
  • 7.1.3 SIF
  • 7.1.4 Functional Safety
  • 7.1.5 SIL
  • 7.1.6 PFD
  • 7.1.7 MTBF
  • 7.1.8 SIS Implementation
  • 7.2 Control Objective and Layers of Protections
  • 7.2.1 Control Objectives
  • 7.2.2 Layers of Protections
  • 7.3 SIS Boundary and Layout
  • 7.4 SIS Related Issues
  • 7.4.1 Hardware Issues
  • 7.4.2 Software Issues
  • 7.4.3 Company Issues
  • 8.0 FUNCTIONAL SAFETY AND SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL
  • 8.1 Normally Used Terms
  • 8.1.1 Functional Safety
  • 8.1.2 EUC
  • 8.1.3 E/E/PEs
  • 8.1.4 Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
  • 8.1.5 SIF
  • 8.2 Functional Safety Discussions
  • 8.2.1 Functional Safety Concept.
  • 8.2.2 Failure Category
  • 8.2.3 Functional Safety and SIS
  • 8.3 Safety and Safety Integrity Level
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • II - Evaluation of Hazard and Risk Analysis
  • 1.0 PLANT HAZARD ANALYSIS PRELIMINARIES
  • 1.1 Fundamentals of Plant Hazard Analysis
  • 1.1.1 What is Hazard Analysis
  • 1.1.2 Aim of PHA
  • 1.1.3 Basic Scope of PHA
  • 1.1.4 Major PHA Steps
  • 1.1.5 Management of Change (MOC)
  • 1.1.6 Typical Output Expected of PHA
  • 1.2 Various Plant Hazard Analysis Methods
  • 1.2.1 Qualitative
  • 1.2.2 Guided Word
  • 1.2.3 Quantitative
  • 2.0 EVALUATION OF PLANT HAZARD SELECTION TECHNIQUES
  • 2.1 Preselection Consideration
  • 2.1.1 Basic Plant Facility and Hazard Considerations
  • 2.1.2 Some Important Terms and Quick Methods
  • 2.2 Plant Hazard Analysis Methods Selection Criteria
  • 2.2.1 Aim of PHA Selection
  • 2.2.2 Team Formation and Team Leader
  • 2.2.3 Factors Influencing PHA Method Selections [1]
  • 2.2.4 PHA at Various Stages of the Project
  • 2.2.5 Decision for PHA Method Selection
  • 2.3 Comparison of Various PHA Methods
  • 3.0 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HAZID) AND RISK ESTIMATE
  • 3.1 Basics of HAZID
  • 3.1.1 HAZID Concepts and Features
  • 3.1.2 Some Important Definitions and Discussions
  • 3.1.3 Aim of HAZID
  • 3.2 Planning and Preparatory Stage
  • 3.2.1 General Considerations
  • 3.2.2 Scope
  • 3.2.3 HAZID Team Formation
  • 3.2.4 Hazard Identification Technique Selection
  • 3.2.5 Documentation
  • 3.2.6 Scheduling
  • 3.3 HAZID Process Description
  • 3.3.1 Information Collection and Handling
  • 3.3.2 General Considerations and Major Accidents/Incidents
  • 3.3.3 In-depth Analysis
  • 3.3.4 Creative and Lateral Thinking
  • 3.4 HAZID Output
  • 3.5 Review
  • 3.6 Quality Check
  • 3.7 Task Analysis
  • 3.7.1 Hierarchical (Action-Oriented) Task Analysis
  • 3.7.2 Operator Action Event Tree
  • 3.7.3 Flow Diagram.
  • 3.7.4 Critical Action and Decision Evaluation Technique
  • 3.7.5 The Influence Modeling and Assessment System [14]
  • 3.8 HAZID Discussions
  • 3.8.1 Human Factor
  • 3.8.2 Worst Case Scenario
  • 3.8.3 Common Mistakes, Pitfalls, and Suggestions
  • 3.9 Risk Estimate (Brief)
  • 4.0 RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
  • 4.1 Risk Analysis Basics
  • 4.1.1 Various Terms and Definitions
  • 4.1.2 Definitions of a Few Related Terms
  • 4.1.3 SFARP/SFAIRP
  • 4.1.4 Objective and Philosophy of Risk Assignment
  • 4.1.5 Features and Framework of Risk Analysis: The Basic Features of Risk Analysis Shall Cover
  • 4.1.6 Standards
  • 4.2 Risk Analysis Prestart Issues
  • 4.2.1 Scope and Approach
  • 4.2.2 Technique(s) Selection
  • 4.2.3 Risk Analysis Types
  • 4.2.4 Staffing and Workforce Involvement
  • 4.2.5 Information Flow
  • 4.2.6 Combinational, Cumulative, and Individual Hazards
  • 4.3 Outline of Risk Analysis Procedure
  • 4.3.1 Consequence Analysis
  • 4.3.2 Likelihood Analysis
  • 4.3.3 Nature of Injury
  • 4.3.4 Human Factor
  • 4.3.5 Screening of Hazards
  • 4.3.6 Qualitative Risk Analysis
  • 4.3.7 Semiquantitative Risk Analysis
  • 4.3.8 Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)
  • 4.3.9 Uncertainty Factors for Risk Analysis
  • 4.4 Risk Assessment and Output
  • 4.4.1 Risk Assessment Issues
  • 4.4.2 Brief Risk Assessment Goal
  • 4.4.3 Outputs and Their Uses
  • 4.4.4 Risk Assessment Discussions
  • 4.5 Control Measure
  • 4.5.1 Control Measure Characteristic Features and Associated Details
  • 4.5.2 Various Control Measures
  • 4.5.3 Influencing Factors Related to Selections and Effectiveness of Control Measure
  • 4.5.4 Selection, Rejection, and Adequacy of Control Measure With Addition Controls
  • 4.5.5 Performance Indicator and Standard
  • 4.5.6 Additional Control Measure
  • 4.5.7 Control Measure Output
  • 4.5.8 Discussions
  • 4.6 Safety Management System
  • 4.6.1 Features.
  • 4.6.2 SMS and Control Measures
  • 4.6.3 Operational Aspects in SMS
  • 4.6.4 MOC
  • 4.6.5 SMS Performance Standard
  • 4.7 Conclusion
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • III - Qualitative Hazard Analysis
  • 1.0 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS
  • 1.1 Preliminary Hazard Analysis Definitions and Necessity
  • 1.2 Preliminary Hazard: Goals and Characteristics
  • 1.2.1 Goal of PrHA
  • 1.2.2 Characteristics of PrHA
  • 1.3 Scope and Boundary Definition
  • 1.4 Hazard Identification
  • 1.4.1 Common Sources of Hazards
  • 1.4.2 Information Related to Hazard Identification
  • 1.4.3 Preliminary Hazard List
  • 1.5 Data Collection
  • 1.5.1 Specification
  • 1.5.2 Design Review Interactive Sessions
  • 1.5.3 Detail Engineering Drawings and Schematics
  • 1.5.4 Previous Analyses and Lessons Learnt
  • 1.5.5 Interview
  • 1.5.6 Miscellaneous Other Sources
  • 1.6 Scenario Development and Classification
  • 1.7 Preliminary Hazard Analysis Methodology
  • 1.7.1 Consequence Analysis
  • 1.7.2 Likelihood Analysis
  • 1.7.3 Categorizing and Risk Ranking
  • 1.7.4 Conduct Review
  • 1.7.5 Safety/Control Measures
  • 1.7.6 Decision Making
  • 1.8 Output and Results
  • 1.9 Further Discussions
  • 1.9.1 Timing and Software Issues
  • 1.9.2 Common Hazard With Effects and Controls
  • 2.0 "WHAT IF" AND "WHAT IF" CHECKLIST ANALYSIS
  • 2.1 Characteristic Features and Purpose
  • 2.2 Scope and Boundary
  • 2.3 The Team
  • 2.4 Documents and Information
  • 2.5 Planning and Preparation Stage
  • 2.6 Outline of Procedure
  • 2.7 Result and Documentation
  • 2.8 Application Notes
  • 2.9 Discussions
  • 3.0 CHECKLIST ANALYSIS
  • 3.1 Checklist Characteristic Features
  • 3.2 Purpose of the Checklist
  • 3.3 Scope and Boundary
  • 3.4 Prereview Preparation
  • 3.5 The Analysis
  • 3.6 Common Checklist
  • LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • IV - Guided Word Hazard Analysis.
  • 1.0 HAZOP STUDY/ANALYSIS.

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