Birnessite CO2 separation History of engineering & technology SERS adsorption mechanism amine modification buckling chemisorption of CO2 crystal silicon photoluminescence dip coating direct growth electron selective layer esterification evaporation-induced self-assembly first-order shear deformation theory free vibration host-guest materials hot-spots impedance spectroscopy magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) material formation mesoporous TiO2 mesoporous films mesoporous silica nanoporous metal foam nanoporous metal oxides nanoshell near-infrared organocatalysis perovskite solar cell