5G Device-to-Device (D2D) HetNets ICT Internet of Things IoT LTE-A Markov chain NOMA ONOS PHY-layer QoS RF Fingerprinting RWSN SDN WSN adaptive link rate adversarial samples amplify-and-forward authentication battery capacity bisection based optimal power allocation carbon footprint channel state information charging efficiency clustering consumer preferences control and data plane cooperative smart community data center